The Nobel Prize in Physics – Laureates                                    Exhibit 4a

2004 David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek

2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett

2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman
2000 Zhores I. Alferov (3, 6), Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman
1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), William D. Phillips
1996 David M. Lee (1, 3, 4, 5, 6), Douglas D. Osheroff (1, 3, 4, 5, 6), Robert C. Richardson
1995 Martin L. Perl (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Frederick Reines (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1992 Georges Charpak (1, 2, 3, 4, 6)
1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1990 Jerome I. Friedman (2, 3, 5, 6), Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor
1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
1988 Leon M. Lederman (1, 2, 3, 4, 6), Melvin Schwartz (1, 3, 6), Jack Steinberger (1, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1987 J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller
1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
1985 Klaus von Klitzing
1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer
1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler
1982 Kenneth G. Wilson
1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow (1, 6), Kai M. Siegbahn
1980 James Cronin, Val Fitch
1979 Sheldon Glashow (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1978 Pyotr Kapitsa (1, 3, 5, 6), Arno Penzias (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Robert W. Wilson
1977 Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck
1976 Burton Richter (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Samuel C. C. Ting
1975 Aage N. Bohr (1, 5, 6) 1/4^th Jew, Ben R. Mottelson (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), James Rainwater
1974 Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish
1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1972 John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper (3, 6), Robert Schrieffer
1971 Dennis Gabor (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1970 Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
1969 Murray Gell-Mann (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1968 Luis Alvarez
1967 Hans Bethe (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1966 Alfred Kastler
1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger (1, 2,  5, 6), Richard P. Feynman (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1964 Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov
1963 Eugene Wigner (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Maria Goeppert-Mayer (6) was, J. Hans D. Jensen
1962 Lev Landau (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1961 Robert Hofstadter (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Rudolf Mössbauer
1960 Donald A. Glaser (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1959 Emilio Segrè (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Owen Chamberlain
1958 Pavel A. Cherenkov, Il´ja M. Frank (2, 3, 6), Igor Y. Tamm (2, 3, 5, 6)
1957 Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee
1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain
1955 Willis E. Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
1954 Max Born (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Walther Bothe
1953 Frits Zernike
1952 Felix Bloch (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), E. M. Purcell
1951 John Cockcroft, Ernest T. S. Walton
1950 Cecil Powell
1949 Hideki Yukawa
1948 Patrick M. S. Blackett
1947 Edward V. Appleton
1946 Percy W. Bridgman
1945 Wolfgang Pauli (1, 2, 3, 4, 6)
1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1943 Otto Stern (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1942 Prize money was allocated 1/3 to Main Fund & 2/3 to Special Fund of this prize section
1941 Prize money was allocated 1/3 to Main Fund & 2/3 to Special Fund of this prize section
1940 Prize money was allocated 1/3 to Main Fund & 2/3 to Special Fund of this prize section
1939 Ernest Lawrence
1938 Enrico Fermi
1937 Clinton Davisson, George Paget Thomson
1936 Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson
1935 James Chadwick
1934 Prize money was allocated 1/3 to Main Fund & 2/3 to Special Fund of this prize section
1933 Erwin Schrödinger, Paul A. M. Dirac
1932 Werner Heisenberg
1931 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1930 Venkata Raman
1929 Louis de Broglie
1928 Owen Willans Richardson
1927 Arthur H. Compton, C. T. R. Wilson
1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin
1925 James Franck (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Gustav Hertz (1, 2, 3, 5, 6) was
1924 Manne Siegbahn
1923 Robert A. Millikan
1922 Niels Bohr (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1921 Albert Einstein (1, 2, 3, 4)
1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume
1919 Johannes Stark
1918 Max Planck
1917 Charles Glover Barkla
1916 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1915 William Bragg, Lawrence Bragg
1914 Max von Laue
1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912 Gustaf Dalén
1911 Wilhelm Wien
1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1909 Guglielmo Marconi, Ferdinand Braun
1908 Gabriel Lippmann (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
1907 Albert A. Michelson (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1906 J. J. Thomson
1905 Philipp Lenard
1904 Lord Rayleigh
1903 Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie
1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman
1901 Wilhelm Röntgen

Notes:  For Jewish Laureates, the parenthetical numbers after the underlined/bolded name indicate the source:  (1) is the website “jewho.com” section on Nobels for 2002 and pages devoted to Physics. (2) is the book “The Nobel Prize” by Burton Feldman. (3) is the “us-israel.org” web site. (4) is the web site “yahoodi.com”. (5) is the book “Nobel Laureates 1901-2000” by Alan Symons. (6) is the web site “jinfo.org”.

For purposes of this category, the tally used in the text and tables includes only Jews identified by more than one source.  Thus of the above list, 44 are Jews by that standard, but Maria Goeppert Mayer (1963) is not counted even though jinfo.org notes that Edward Teller identified her as such on page 119 of his Memoirs.